DEN NORSKA ATLANTÅNGAREN SS KRISTIANIAFJORD FÖRLISTE VID NEW FOUNDLAND DEN 15 JUNI 1917 – EN SAMTIDA BERÄTTELSE

SS Kristianiafjord

MED PÅ SS KRISTIANIAFJORD FANNS FARFÖRÄLDRARNA RUTH OCH RAGNAR FURSTENBORG.

PÅ VÄG HEM OMBORD PÅ DET SVENSKA FARTYGET SS STOCKHOLM SKREV RUTH NER SINA UPPLEVELSER.

HENNES HANDSKRIVNA MANUSKRIPT LIKSOM DE GAMLA POSTKORTEN FANNS BLAND HENNES SPARADE PAPPER.

DS Kristianiafjord sjösattes år 1913 och var den norska amerikalinjens första fartyg. Mina farföräldrar Ruth och Ragnar Furstenborg var ombord, på väg hem från två års studier och arbete i USA. Där hade de bott i Detroit, Toledo och New York medan Ragnar praktiserade inom bilindustrin.

Den 15 juli 1917 tidigt på morgonen gick det norska passagerarfartyget Kristianiafjord på grund utanför Cape Race i New Foundland, Kanada. Ombord fanns 900 passagerare, de flesta av dem norrmän. Med fanns också min farmor och farfar, Ruth och Ragnar Furstenborg. De var på hemväg efter två års studier och arbete i Detroit, Toledo och New York.

Ruth och Ragnar gifte sig år 1915, men det är oklart var det skedde. Enligt biografier var Ragnar i USA redan år 1914 men eventuellt kan han ju ha varit hemma i Sverige eller på Åland emellan. Möjligt är ju också att de gifte sig i USA men på något sätt verkar det inte sannolikt. I alla fall var det ett nygift par som var på väg hem från USA.

Ruth och Ragnar Furstenborg med barnen Maud och Raoul, i Tyskland i mitten av 1920-talet.

Resan från New York inleddes den 7 juli 1917. När man kommit över gränsen mellan Förenta Staterna och Kanada gick man in i Halifax uppenbarligen den 10 juli. Här kontrollerade brittiska myndigheter fartyget och dess passagerare. Första världskriget fördes ju också på Nordatlanten och dessutom var britterna naturligtvis noga med att Tyskland inte använde sig av amerikatrafiken.

När man kunde fortsätta sin resa från Halifax, den 12 eller 13 juli var det väl, var vädret först vackert. När man kommit närmare New Foundland sänkte sig en tät dimma över havet. Någon radar fanns inte ännu utan man fick försöka navigera på gammalt klassiskt sätt. I dimma var det nog allt annat än lätt. Med sina mistlurar varnade man eventuella andra sjöfarare, ljudliga mistlurar som Ruth också beskriver i sin berättelse.

Söder om New Foundland hade man kommit in på en kurs som förde fartyget för långt västerut, rakt mot land, i stället för att tryggt runda den långa klippiga kusten på östra sidan. Man trodde att Kristianiafjord passerade Cape Race som ligger en bit norrut längs kusten..

New York Times publicerade en längre artikel på sin paradsida, dagen efter att Kristianiafjord förliste. Den kan fortfarande läsas av prenumeranter i tidningens nätarkiv.

Stället där Kristianiafjord gick på grund heter faktiskt Mistaken Point. Den här udden är en del av UNESCOs världsarv och fossiler som man funnit i klipporna ger vid handen att just här har uppstod det första flercelliga livet i världen.  

Att udden heter Mistaken Point beror på att den var ovanligt olycksdrabbad genom otaliga skeppsbrott under 1800-talet. Ruth antyder också det här när hon beskriver lokalbefolkningens oginhet mot de skeppsbrutna. Hellre skulle man ha plundrat ett vrak.

Så här beskriver Ruth Furstenborg den dramatiska upplevelsen i en berättelse som hon skrev ombord på den svenska atlantångaren Stockholm som någon vecka senare förde passagerarna vidare till Europa:

RUTH FURSTENBORG SKRIVER OM UPPLEVELSEN, VÄL OMBORD PÅ SVENSKA PASSAGERARFARTYGET SS STOCKHOLM SOM DE SKEPPSBRUTNA FORTSATTE SIN RESA MED
Ruth Furstenborg

När nu allt är över och vi åter ha svensk mark under fötterna ter sig hela vår äventyrliga resa som en orolig dröm. Det var med de bästa förhoppningar om ett snart sammanträffande med våra kära här hemma som vi den 7 juli i New York klev ombord å Kristianiafjord.

Några as oss hade redan bakom sig en lång sjöresa från olika orter i Sydamerika men ansåg sig på den norska båten så gott som hemma.

Den största olycka som hittills drabbat en skandinavisk ångare var ju ett långt uppehåll i Halifax. Varför skulle just vi ha otur.

Vädret var det bästa man kunde önska sig och våra amerikanska vänners varningar för risken att fara i dessa oroliga tider togs lätt, överlag.

Efter två dygns angenäm resa anlände vi till Halifax för att underkasta oss engelsmännens anspråk på en noggrann visitation. Denna avlöpte utan några nämnvärda obehagligheter. Efter någon väntan anlände tillåtelsen för oss att fortsätta lämnade vi Halifax – och solskenet.

Sedan den stunden skulle den olycksaligaste dimman bli vårt trogna resesällskap och mistlurens långdragna tjut vår ständiga musik. Alla var emellertid vid gott humör, lite dimma finner man si väl i. Mistluren vänjer man sig vid.

En sida på däck är alltid så pass torr att man där kan fördriva tiden med krocketspel. Vi hade vinkat farväl åt Halifax och några av oss ropade högt ett övermodigt ”never again”.

Atlantic provinces map, Wikivoyage, Shaundd – CC

Aldrig anade vi att efter en vecka skulle vi komma tillbaka dit och föras ombord på ”Stockholm” som under uppehållet varit föremål för vårt särskilda intresse.

Natten till söndagen hade flera av passagerarna svårt att sova för mistluren och det låg en nervös spänning i luften, vilket lär ha föranlett en del mera försiktiga att så vitt möjligt hålla sig ”beredda på allt”. För de flesta kom emellertid kallelsen till livbåtarne ”som en blixt från en klar himmel”. Var det verkligen möjligt att vi gått på grund. Ja, där kunde man ju tydligt urskilja New Foundlands klippkust. På flertalet verkade detta mycket lugnande emedan de ansåg att med en roddbåt kunde man lägga till precis var som helst och dra varandra i land som vid en söndagsrodd på Dalasjön. De visare som insåg att det kunde vara timmars rodd till ett landningsställe bevarade vänligen detta för sig själva och så avlöpte allt lugnt utan minsta oordning, åtminstone på passagerarnas sida.

Klockan ½ 5 på morgonen skedde strandningen och inom 10 minuter var alla passagerare på däck. Nedsänkningen av båtarne tog längre tid än nödvändigt beroende på att absolut ingen fara förelåg och att man väl egentligen hade det bättre på det strandade skeppet som stod upprätt fast och orubbligt på klippan än i de öppna båtarne med de ödesdigra bränningarne så nära.

Bland 900 människor måste naturligtvis finnas en hel del som vid ett sådant tillfälle totalt tappade huvudet och för vilka livbälte i livbåt är ungefär som bilan i schavotten. Så fick man se en hel del egentligen groteska exempel på vad sinnesnärvaro eller brist på dylik åstadkommer i farans stund. En dam från första klass hade räddat en enda sak – en morgonrock av ljusblått siden. En stor del var klädda endast i nattdräkt och en regn- eller till och med badkappa. Andra åter var fullständigt klädda från topp till tå ända till den självknutna kravatten eller det koketta floret under hatten.

Den lokala tidningen – The Evening Telegraph – i St John’s New Foundland bevakade naturligtvis skeppsbrottet. Det ursprungliga klippet fanns med i Ruth Furstenborgs sparade papper.

Av tredje klassarne hade nog de allra flesta rusat hals över huvud ut ur hytterna och sedan inte vågat återvända dit. Plånboken och klockan som varje kväll – ”för säkerhets skull” stoppats in under huvudkudden glömdes totalt och återsågs i några fall aldrig av deras rättmätiga ägare.

Ett kuriöst exempel på konvenans lämnar den omständigheten, att så gott som varje representant för det svaga könet bland mellandäckspassagerare räddat en mer eller mindre färgrik plym- eller blomsterprydd hatt.

Det kan tyckas en enkel sak att anbringa ett livbälte men det är förvånande hur få som på någorlunda kort tid gick i land med det och en drill här liksom ett förhör av livbåtsnumren strax efter att fartyget lämnat hamn skulle nog vara på sin plats hur överflödigt det än kan synas.

De passagerare som verkligen avgick i den livbåt till vilken de hörde är lätt räknade och om fara förelegat hade säkerligen panik varit oundviklig. Nu var lyckan oss bevågen så att ett par fiskebåtar som uppfångat nödsignalerna nästan omedelbart kom till vår hjälp och lotsade oss till ett landningsställe endast ungefär en halv timmes rodd från det strandade skeppet. Därigenom var det möjligt för de första livbåtarne att göra flera turer mellan fartyget och stranden.

Efter landningen var stämningen bland de skeppsbrutna den allra bästa. Visserligen fanns här bara ett par skjul för förvarandet av fiskeredskap och man kan hänvisa till den fuktiga gulaktiga marken där foten vid varje steg sjönk några millimeter, lämnande efter sig ett vattenfyllt spår.

En dikt av okänd författare som fanns bland
Ruth Furstenborgs papper om Kristianiafjords
förlisning vid New Foundland

Så gott sig göra lät gjorde vi det bekvämt för oss med livbälten, filtar och kuddar som fördes över med de sista livbåtarne tillika med en stor del av fartygets proviantförråd. Med det senare handskades synnerligen vårdslöst. Lådor med konserver och frukt slogs sönder på stranden och innehållet kastades hit och dit.  Det är otroligt hur mycket mat människor tycks vara i stånd att konsumera när de (absolut ingenting) annat ha här att göra än att äta.

Hela lördagen som vi måste tillbringa under bar himmel såg jag flera små pic-nic grupper där man faktiskt åt utan avbrott från morgon till kväll. Menun var nog inte vidare omväxlande, mest konserverad lax och sill i olika former, knäckebröd, rå eller konserverad frukt.

Det behövdes endast en tom apelsin- eller äppellåda och en fällkniv så var dukningen färdig. Sällskapet slog sig gemytligt ner på livbälten runt omkring lådan. Männen öppnade burkarne med fällkniven och kvinnorna fiskade upp innehållet med hjälp av en tändsticka eller liknande redskap och placerade fet på bitar av knäckebröd eller i bordsgästernas bara händer allt efter trakteringens art, av fiskrätt eller dessert.

Vi undrade om många av dessa passagerare från båtens lägre regioner var absolut oemottagliga för köld och väta. De bokstavligen flöt omkring i vattenpussar men åt oförtrutet och grälade över norska amerikalinjen som nog skulle få veta av dem när de kom hem.

När det senare visade sig att alla följder av skeppsbrottet i form av mer eller mindre allvarliga sjukdomar drabbat passagerare under övre promenaddäck visste åtminstone grannarne en trappa upp var felet låg. Ja, vi var som sagt nödsakade att tillbringa en hel natt, somliga ett helt dygn, under bar himmel. Tiden gick dock jämförelsevist fort, då varje ny timme fann oss överraskade över att fortfarande vara kvar på samma plats.

När man någon gång läser om ett skeppsbrott i tidningarne har den eller den båten alltid förbarmat sig över de skeppsbrutna och allt låter så enkelt och hemtrevligt. Följaktligen slog vi oss genast ner på våra livbälten, virade ett par filtar om oss och väntade på ångaren som skulle komma och ta oss ombord och vår fantasi utmålade för oss den snälla kapten som skulle sluta oss alla i sin faderliga famn och den nya båtens passagerare som skulle bli så glada att ta hand om oss. Vi funderade på att åtminstone kasta en sko eller strumpa i vattnet för att slippa avböja all vänlighet. När någon pessimistiskt förklarade att ingen atlantångare skulle vara i stånd att ta oss tillbaka med de passagerare som den redan förde gjorde vi bara två ångare av det och drömde vidare.

Hur grymt besvikna blev vi inte! Båten som kom för att hämta oss var en government-båt från St Johns, New Foundland. Den hade plats för ungefär en tredjedel av passagerarna. De övriga fick stanna till nästa eller företaga den 1 ½ mil långa vandringen över klippor och sumptrakter till närmaste järnvägsstation, ett alternativ som trots alla sina avskräckande sidor givetvis valdes av de flesta. Det var verkligen en intressant syn denna långa rad av skeppsbrutna med sin bylten av tillhörigheter som räddats från båten sedan den första förskräckelsen lagt sig.

St John’s dit de skeppbrutna fördes, en del med båt, andra med tåg efter en lång vandring till fots.

En ung finska – onekligen en av de mera pittoreska figurerna – traskade oförtrutet på i ett par ljusgula amerikanska bulldoggskängor av vilka den vänstra förlorat sin mesta elegans , den 4 cm höga klacken. Det var ett upp och ett i minne och takten markerades i jämna svängningar av en tjock halmgul hårfläta.

Färden till St John skulle ske med extratåg klockan 7 på kvällen, men det behöver väl knappast omtalas, att det inte var färdigt förrän vid 10-tiden, då det var så långt att man varken såg början eller slut på det, varför det också behövde ytterligare 1 timme till att komma igång.

Det gick bra en stund ty det var nerförbacke men så far det iväg tillbaka under stånkningar. Vi hade en stigning och måste ta sats två gånger för att orka upp. Sedan var det bara uppför backe så vi väntade med spänning på morgonen som skulle avgöra våra vad, om huruvida vi vid soluppgången skulle behöva kikare för att se vår utgångspunkt eller om den skulle vara skönjbar med blotta ögat.

Sjömansinstitutet i St John’s som härbärgerade många av passagerarna.

Det lände järnvägsstyrelsen till heder att vi fram på förmiddagen följande dag verkligen anlänt till St Johns. Trots infödingarnes oginhet att inte vilja skjuta på vatten som vi vid varje station uppmanade dem. De var i allmänhet inte vidare förtjusta att göra vår bekantskap. I synnerhet kände sig fiskare mycket besvikna på oss. Om vi varit två dagar tidigare hade vi strandat under häftig storm och båten hade slagits sönder genast vilket betytt byte i stället för att den stod säkert på klippan och hånade alla deras beräkningar.

I St Johns bemöttes vi med mera vänlighet och trots de små resurserna på hotell och ett boarding house fick första och en del av andra klass en dräglig tillvaro. Åt tredje klass bereddes plats på sjömanshemmet.

Sunday walk with snow and ice at Helsinki Old Town Bay

Walking yesterday 13.2. through Helsinki-Helsingfors old history. In 1550 the town was established here where the Vantaa – Vanda River reaches the sea. Today, the Old Town Bay area is a popular starting point for hiking and cross country skiing in the large and close by green areas. 

Well, I should say fishing as well. In fact it is so popular that one has to buy a special license for the bay area and an even more special one for the rapids. On the other side of the small island in the middle there is a waterfall – man-made of course – and the old power station from the last years of the 19th century.

The people in some of the pictures were fishing out on the ice where low temperatures during the last weeks and days have made this quite safe. The water is much less salty than the oceans and therefore freezes during cold winters.

A lot of voluntary work is being done in the Finnish capital to restore healthy trout populations both in this river and in the many creeks in other parts of the metropolitan area. In my own village Pitäjänmäki – Sockenbacka much has been achieved, and we are now pushing for the city to remove some last obstacles for fish to swim up river for spawning, or their love encounters…
 
There is still much snow here and outside the city centre the ground is covered by shining white layers. So why is the ice so brown on some of these riverfront pictures? The colour comes with the running water, picked up from the ground it runs through, but the water itself is nowadays quite clean. Not drinkable, but you can take a swim there. And I suppose cook some coffee…

Nice weather to go out it was when the -15C or so has given in a bit and it was just a few degrees under zero.

COLD WINDY AND PEACEFUL DAY AT KOPPARNÄS NATIONAL PARK WEST OF HELSINKI

Yesterday we felt like going a bit outside our usual nature targets in the Helsinki metropolitan region. So we ventured some 40kms westwards, to the Gulf of Finland coast at Kopparnäs in Ingå – Inkoo. The two names are used here as this is a bilingual Finnish-Swedish part of the country.

Not exactly mild, with 0 C temperatures and a brisk wind the weather gave a freshening taste of northern late autumn climate. Some years there is already snow at this time, but more seldom now. If air temperature goes well below 0 C for some time, the Gulf of Finland freezes as it is less salty than the water of the high seas.

Our excursion started with some moments at the shoreline, watching the waves come in and enjoying the view of the open sea. Even for us northerners it soon got a bit chilly so the walk continued for 3 kilometers on a trail through the forest area of this national park.

When I was a child we could never have gone here as the Porkala – Porkkala region was ’rented out’ as a military base to the Soviet Union between 1944 and 1956. Originally the rental period was set for 50 years, The only Finns allowed in were passengers in the Helsinki – Turku-Åbo trains which transited through with a Soviet locomotive and the windows covered with wooden boards. The base was close, with the border only some 20 kilometers from the downtown city centre.

After our big neighbours did not succeed in occupying the country’s capital Helsinki through the wars of 1939-44 they forced Finland to cede a large area just outside the city. They even paid a symbolic rent for this land and sea base from where they felt able co control both the city and the waterways to St Petersburg.

In January 1956, just under three years after Stalin died, the Soviets gave up the base. It did of course reflect the fact that Finland was not considered an immediate threat anymore, but equally much that they could not afford to keep these expensive military bases outside the country. Also technology and weapons had developed so the Porkkala area lost much of its strategic importance.

Now peace and quet has settled also in this coastal region on the outskirts of Helsinki. Down at the sea there was a lonely person fishing from the cliffs and another walking in the distance along the shoreline. During our one hour noon-time forest walk we did not meet anyone else, once again realising how sparsely populated this country is even in the big southern population centres.

PEACEFUL FRESH AIR WINTER WALK IN PROTECTED FOREST IN HELSINKI METROPOLITAN AREA

Our (almost) daily outdoors walks continue, normally close to here, in the Helsinki – Helsingfors region. Today on 26 December we walked up a hill at Noux – Nuuksio, a National Park with a protected forest and lake area some 20 kilometers west from where we live.

I remember going there some winter Sundays already as a child, skiing with my parents and brothers. Later we have been there much to enjoy the nature, and to collect mushrooms and pick wild berries. This is something you can freely do across this northern country as long as you don’t get too close to peoples’ homes.

Noux used to be a mainly Swedish-language area as it is close to the southern coast of Finland. There is still the Solvalla Sports Institute which now has a modern sports field next to it. My secondary school in Helsingfors Nya Svenska Läroverket or ”Lärkan” had a skiing cabin in Noux which during my school years far back was actively used.

Today there was no snow, just a hint of white on some open areas. So it was all about hiking and no cross-country skiing today. I wonder if the snow is still going to come, it could, even if climate change has made the winters here much less white.

During our early midday walk we met two or three families during the hour that we spent. Peace and quiet, one could say. The Helsinki – Helsingfors region is one of the greenest capitals in the world, with lots of lake- and seafronts that you can freely walk along, and the air is clean and fresh.

Guess it could be called luxury.

CHRISTMAS VILLAGE BRINGS LIGHT TO DECEMBER DARKNESS IN MY HELSINKI FINLAND NEIGHBOURHOOD

For more pictures scroll down the page.

Lots of activity on the normally very quiet streets in my Helsinki Finland Village Marttila – Martas in Swedish. The village is part of the Pitäjänmäki – Sockenbacka region of the Finnish Capital.

Lots of people have come here all through December. The reason is our annual Christmas Village where we want to bring light and happiness in the midst of our dark times. Actually it is dark here also in reality, with sun rising around 10 am and setting only some five or six hours later.

Before Christmas, many daycare and school groups moved from one small exhibit to another and when it got dark in the afternoons families and also many elderly people visited to enjoy this magic season. During the holidays even more people have come here for a pleasant walk. This will now continue also for the first January week.

The main media in the Finnish capital have picked up our Christmas Village, both on TV and in the large daily newspapers. This has created lots of interest and one can see that people come also from far away. Actually, we haven’t thought that this is a really big attraction but apparently the small exhibits and twinkling lights are popular and we get many nice comments. Of course, all is Covid-secured, people move outdoors, the streets are broad like the use to be in this country, and distances are carefully held.

There are just over 100 family homes here, surrounded by large green gardens. In earlier years the families produced their own fruits and vegetables and Marttila is still filled with old apple trees and berry bushes.

The village was originally built by war veterans returning from the front in the mid 1940s after the wars with the Soviet Union. Many of the houses were built by the Red Cross, for those who returned disabled. An important number of them were gifts from our neigbouring country Sweden, they are sometimes still called Sweden-houses.

The other half of this village was built by the returning soldiers themselves, and their families. These are a bit larger and all of them share the same construction. Today, the street views are protected and one still gets an impression of how it was before. Only two of the houses have been built later, after fires destroyed the earlier ones.

Even if Marttila looks old fashioned in many ways it is also one of the most modern suburban areas in Helsinki. Two years ago we won the prestigious European Broadband Award for our fast fibre network where several service providers compete – there are 4 fibres which is unusual for nets like this – and where we also offer high quality public TV connections. This network was built by ourselves, with much voluntary work, and is now owned by our residents’ cooperative. And no, we never received any support, neither from the Finnish government, nor by the European Union.

So here residents have created a Christmas Village with exhibitions, lights and short stories telling about the many secrets that hide around this idyllic place. 

SMALL MUSEUM TELLS THE STORY OF LESS KNOWN FRONT JUST 100 KMS FROM HELSINKI, WHEN THE SOVIET UNION ATTACKED FINLAND IN THE 1940’s

A super interesting day arriving at the old frontier between Finland and the USSR. And close it was, only an hour and a half drive west from Helsinki, the country’s capital. We were met at the border by a high ranking Finnish officer – Captain Marine – or Colonel – Eva’s cousin Jörgen Engroos. With us was also another cousin, Marina, and her husband Günter.
 
Of course this border emerged – and was forced to go away – already in the early 1940s. It came when the Soviets demanded to ‘rent’ the coastal town and area of Hanko (Hangö) as a naval base. It disappeared when the occupation forces were pushed out less than a half year later.
Border posts at the Hanko-Hangö peninsula from the early 1940's when the Soviet Union had a 'forced' naval base in this southernmost part of Finland.
Border posts at the Hanko-Hangö peninsula from the early 1940’s when the Soviet Union had a ’forced’ naval base in this southernmost part of Finland.
The border warning poster on the Finnish side. It was definitely not good for your health to cross this line...
The border warning poster on the Finnish side. It was definitely not good for your health to cross this line…
The hill of death. Just next to the border with the Soviet naval base, this was a hill where many Finnish soldiers and Swedish volunteers lost their lives to enemy fire.
The hill of death. Just next to the border with the Soviet naval base, this was a hill where many Finnish soldiers and Swedish volunteers lost their lives to enemy fire.
Now there is a great frontline museum and Jörgen Engroos who retired from active service early this year is its head. Here one can understand why the people of Finland are hugely supportive of having a strong popular defense force based on and defending our democratic values.
The background to the whole story is well described on the Finnish Government web pages:
”The war began when the Soviet Union invaded Finland without declaring war on 30 November 1939. The war ended on 13 March 1940, after 105 days of hostilities.”
Finland paid a high price for defending its independence. More than 25,000 Finns died in the war effort and about 44,000 were wounded. Civilian casualties numbered over 1,000. Soviet losses in the war were many times higher. Finland preserved its independence, but had to cede 11% of its territory to the Soviet Union. As a result, some 430,000 Finns, or 12% of the population, lost their homes and had to be resettled elsewhere in Finland.”
Today, there is a small but expanding private locally created museum, exactly where the border between Finland and the Soviets was drawn. It came about through a lot of volunteer work, supported by companies and foundations, most representing our Swedish-speaking minority.
A 'korsu' was dug down in the ground as a 'home' and shelter for the soldiers defending the Hanko peninsula. The roof was fortified with thick wooden poles, often in many layers, and ground. This is modeled after an original one that was situated where the frontline museum now is.
A ’korsu’ was dug down in the ground as a ’home’ and shelter for the soldiers defending the Hanko peninsula. The roof was fortified with thick wooden poles, often in many layers, and ground. This is modeled after an original one that was situated where the frontline museum now is.
Inside the frontline museum its director Jörgen gave us the story about the Hanko front, and much more. The Finnish defense effort went also far out into the surrounding archipelago of small islands, and some of the most vicious battles were fought there, even man against man. The Finnish soldiers were often Swedisk-speaking boys from fisherman cottages or smallholder farms from the region itself and knew the waters very well.
Inside the frontline museum its director Jörgen gave us the story about the Hanko front, and much more. The Finnish defense effort went also far out into the surrounding archipelago of small islands, and some of the most vicious battles were fought there, even man against man. The Finnish soldiers were often Swedisk-speaking boys from fisherman cottages or smallholder farms from the region itself and knew the waters very well.
The frontline museum is well set up and one can see the effort that has gone into it. Absolutely worth a visit if you are in Finland.
The frontline museum is well set up and one can see the effort that has gone into it. Absolutely worth a visit if you are in Finland.
It is healthy for us Finns to remember the days when children from this war torn country had to be sent to safe conditions in Sweden and Denmark. With all problems it caused, a lot of children's lives were saved. Today, the genuine refugees are in the same need of shelter, a thing that we should not forget.
It is healthy for us Finns to remember the days when children from this war torn country had to be sent to safe conditions in Sweden and Denmark. With all problems it caused, a lot of children’s lives were saved. Today, the genuine refugees are in the same need of shelter, a thing that we should not forget.
And yes, the place in its forest settings is highly interesting for us Finns. It is also an important place for our neighbours in Sweden as many Swedish volunteers came to help defend our country against the offensive dreams of Stalin and his Red Army. Visiting the place one can concretely sense how devastating war can be both in general and especially for individuals. This is and should be its main message.
The museum – and the old border – is just outside the still important port and town of Hanko (Hangö).
There is a large collection of weaponry as well, part of which was old already during the war effort in the 40's. Still, Finland survived as an independent country and was never occupied by anyone.
There is a large collection of weaponry as well, part of which was old already during the war effort in the 40’s. Still, Finland survived as an independent country and was never occupied by anyone.
Sea mines were an important part of the warfare in those days, and still are. The Gulf of Finland was full of them and it took years and years to clean it up. There were Soviet mines, German mines and Finnish mines at least, and still one or two can reappear. They have rusted and filled by water so there is no risk for explosions we were told, but explosives can still lie there in the depths. One of those diving and disarming them was Jörgen Engroos.
Sea mines were an important part of the warfare in those days, and still are. The Gulf of Finland was full of them and it took years and years to clean it up. There were Soviet mines, German mines and Finnish mines at least, and still one or two can reappear. They have rusted and filled by water so there is no risk for explosions we were told, but explosives can still lie there in the depths. One of those diving and disarming them was Jörgen Engroos.
When peace came after the Winter War in March – or rather truce it turned out – people were forced to leave their homes within ten days, at the demand of the Soviet Union who ’rented’ the area for a naval base. Strategically located, Hanko could close off the Gulf of Finland and thus hinder the entry to the large city and area of Leningrad (St Petersburg). So the Soviet war machine wanted it.
Healthy suspicion about Soviet intentions which proved to be well founded made Finland build a strong defense fortification across this Hanko peninsula a bit back from the new border. Skills and determination combined and it was there in a matters of months. Maps and other unearthed documents show that Stalin’s intention was to attack Helsinki from the ‘back’, using the huge Hanko naval base. The main front was of course in the east where there still is a 1300 kilometre long border with Russia.
It is obvious that the fortifications that now can be seen as part of the museum discouraged them from this. If the Soviet troops would eventually have succeeded to break through – which is questionable – the price would have been all too high.
The defense line across the Hanko-Hangö peninsula contained a number of bunkers very carefully placed so they were able to hinder Soviet troops to move against Helsinki, the country's capital. This bunker has been returned to its original condition by Jörgen Engroos and local volunteers. Incredibly strong, it could resist any attack known at that time and supported by other similar posts it could also cut the way of any attackers.
The defense line across the Hanko-Hangö peninsula contained a number of bunkers very carefully placed so they were able to hinder Soviet troops to move against Helsinki, the country’s capital. This bunker has been returned to its original condition by Jörgen Engroos and local volunteers. Incredibly strong, it could resist any attack known at that time and supported by other similar posts it could also cut the way of any attackers.
This is the Finnish coat of arms together with the year that the bunker was built, above its entrance door.
This is the Finnish coat of arms together with the year that the bunker was built, above its entrance door.
In these pictures you can see some of the landscape as well as a part of the history from the 1940’s at this Hanko peninsula. In June 1940 the hostilities started again and the Hanko peninsula and the surrounding archipelago became a war zone. Finnish troops together with volunteers from Sweden had dug themselves down where the museum now is. During five months until the Soviets were forced to retreat there were also major losses.
Many died in this landscape. Altogether some 300 Finnish soldiers lost their lives, the Red Army losses we don’t know but probably up to 6,000, some 20 times as many. Together with the mainly Swedish-speaking youth from local fishermen, farmer and worker families almost 1,000 volunteers from Sweden defended Finland on the Hanko front. Of these Swedish volunteers, 26 died and just under 100 were wounded.
At the end, Finland survived and today the country still has one of the strongest armies in Europe. Conscription based, it is highly supported by the Finns.
And, good to remember, the defense forces on the Hanko peninsula helped make sure that Helsinki was one of the very few European war capitals during WWII that was never occupied – the others being London and Moscow.
So what a day it was as you can see from the pictures as well.
Big thanks to Eva’s cousin Jörgen Engroos who was a commanding officer at the Finnish defense forces, including this region, until his retirement in January. Could not have a more qualified and engaged guide. And what stories he told us, also from his incredible career as an operative soldier and officer – on the ground, at sea and under water.
 
The bunkers of this kind were built to house 20 soldiers, This is their residence quarters, restored to what the room looked like 80 years ago. There was even an original record player with music true to the era. A sound play with smoke and light effects helped us understand how it could have been there during these hard years. Months after months made soliers bored so it did happen that they ventured out to the Soviet side with unauthorized patrols.
The bunkers of this kind were built to house 20 soldiers, This is their residence quarters, restored to what the room looked like 80 years ago. There was even an original record player with music true to the era. A sound play with smoke and light effects helped us understand how it could have been there during these hard years. Months after months made soliers bored so it did happen that they ventured out to the Soviet side with unauthorized patrols.
There was one small cannon and a maxim machine gun in this bunker. The machine gun that Jörgen Engroos showed us was in fact captured from the Soviets after a major successful operation on the eastern front.
There was one small cannon and a maxim machine gun in this bunker. The machine gun that Jörgen Engroos showed us was in fact captured from the Soviets after a major successful operation on the eastern front.
A super interesting day arriving at the old frontier between Finland and the USSR. And close it was, only an hour and a half drive west from Helsinki, the country’s capital. We were met at the border by a high ranking Finnish officer – Captain Marine – or Colonel – Eva’s cousin Jörgen Engroos. With us was also another cousin, Marina, and her husband Günter.
Now there is a great frontline museum and Jörgen Engroos who retired from active service early this year is its head. Here one can understand why the people of Finland are hugely supportive of having a strong popular defense force based on and defending our democratic values.
The background to the whole story is well described on the Finnish Government web pages:
”The war began when the Soviet Union invaded Finland without declaring war on 30 November 1939. The war ended on 13 March 1940, after 105 days of hostilities.”
Finland paid a high price for defending its independence. More than 25,000 Finns died in the war effort and about 44,000 were wounded. Civilian casualties numbered over 1,000. Soviet losses in the war were many times higher. Finland preserved its independence, but had to cede 11% of its territory to the Soviet Union. As a result, some 430,000 Finns, or 12% of the population, lost their homes and had to be resettled elsewhere in Finland.”
Today, there is a small but expanding private locally created museum, exactly where the border between Finland and the Soviets was drawn. It came about through a lot of volunteer work, supported by companies and foundations, most representing our Swedish-speaking minority.
And yes, the place in its forest settings is highly interesting for us Finns. It is also an important place for our neighbours in Sweden as many Swedish volunteers came to help defend our country against the offensive dreams of Stalin and his Red Army. Visiting the place one can concretely sense how devastating war can be both in general and especially for individuals. This is and should be its main message.
The museum – and the old border – is just outside the still important port and town of Hanko (Hangö).
When peace came after the Winter War in March – or rather truce it turned out – people were forced to leave their homes within ten days, at the demand of the Soviet Union who ’rented’ the area for a naval base. Strategically located, Hanko could close off the Gulf of Finland and thus hinder the entry to the large city and area of Leningrad (St Petersburg). So the Soviet war machine wanted it.
Healthy suspicion about Soviet intentions which proved to be well founded made Finland build a strong defense fortification across this Hanko peninsula a bit back from the new border. Skills and determination combined and it was there in a matters of months. Maps and other unearthed documents show that Stalin’s intention was to attack Helsinki from the ‘back’, using the huge Hanko naval base. The main front was of course in the east where there still is a 1300 kilometre long border with Russia.
It is obvious that the fortifications that now can be seen as part of the museum discouraged them from this. If the Soviet troops would eventually have succeeded to break through – which is questionable – the price would have been all too high.
In these pictures you can see some of the landscape as well as a part of the history from the 1940’s at this Hanko peninsula. In June 1940 the hostilities started again and the Hanko peninsula and the surrounding archipelago became a war zone. Finnish troops together with volunteers from Sweden had dug themselves down where the museum now is. During five months until the Soviets were forced to retreat there were also major losses.
Many died in this landscape. Altogether some 300 Finnish soldiers lost their lives, the Red Army losses we don’t know but probably up to 6,000, some 20 times as many. Together with the mainly Swedish-speaking youth from local fishermen, farmer and worker families almost 1,000 volunteers from Sweden defended Finland on the Hanko front. Of these Swedish volunteers, 26 died and just under 100 were wounded.
At the end, Finland survived and today the country still has one of the strongest armies in Europe. Conscription based, it is highly supported by the Finns.
And, good to remember, the defense forces on the Hanko peninsula helped make sure that Helsinki was one of the very few European war capitals during WWII that was never occupied – the others being London and Moscow.
So what a day it was as you can see from the pictures as well.
Big thanks to Eva’s cousin Jörgen Engroos who was a commanding officer at the Finnish defense forces, including this region, until his retirement in January. Could not have a more qualified and engaged guide. And what stories he told us, also from his incredible career as an operative soldier and officer – on the ground, at sea and under water.